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''C. p. marginata'' ''C. p. picta'' | synonyms = * ''Testudo picta'' Schneider, 1783 * ''Chrysemys cinerea'' Bonnaterre, 1789 * ''Emys bellii'' Gray, 1831 * ''Emys oregoniensis'' Harlan, 1837 * ''Chrysemys picta'' Gray, 1856 * ''Chrysemys marginata'' Agassiz, 1857 * ''Chrysemys dorsalis'' Agassiz, 1857 * ''Chrysemys nuttalli'' Agassiz, 1857 * ''Chrysemys pulchra'' Gray, 1873 * ''Chrysemys trealeasei'' Hurter, 1911 ; Chrysemys picta picta * ''Testudo picta'' Schneider, 1783 * ''Testudo cinerea'' Bonnaterre, 1789 * ''Emys cinerea'' Schweigger, 1812 * ''Emys picta'' Schweigger, 1812 * ''Clemmys picta'' Wagler, 1830 * ''Terrapene picta'' Bonaparte, 1831 * ''Chrysemys picta'' Gray, 1856 * ''Chrysemys cinerea'' Boulenger, 1889 * ''Clemmys cinerea'' Strauch, 1890 * ''Chrysemys () cinerea'' Siebenrock, 1909 * ''Chrysemis picta'' Kallert, 1927 * ''Chrysemys picta picta'' Bishop & Schmidt, 1931 * ''Chrysema picta'' Chan & Cohen, 1964 * ''Pseudemys picta'' Arnold, 2002 ; Chrysemys picta bellii * ''Emys bellii'' Gray, 1831 * ''Clemmys (Clemmys) bellii'' Fitzinger, 1835 * ''Emys oregoniensis'' Harlan, 1837 * ''Chrysemys bellii'' Gray, 1844 * ''Emys originensis'' Gray, 1844 ''(ex errore)'' * ''Emys oregonensis'' LeConte, 1854 ''(ex errore)'' * ''Emys origonensis'' Gray, 1856 ''(ex errore)'' * ''Chrysemys nuttalii'' Agassiz, 1857 * ''Chrysemys oregonensis'' Agassiz, 1857 * ''Clemmys oregoniensis'' Strauch, 1862 * ''Chrysemys nuttallii'' Gray, 1863 ''(ex errore)'' * ''Chrysemys orbigniensis'' Gray, 1863 * ''Chrysemys pulchra'' Gray, 1873 * ''Emys belli'' Günther, 1874 ''(ex errore)'' * ''Chrysemys cinerea ''var''. bellii'' Boulenger, 1889 * ''Chrysemys belli'' Ditmars, 1907 * ''Chrysemys treleasei'' Hurter, 1911 * ''Chrysemys marginata bellii'' Stejneger & Barbour, 1917 * ''Chrysemys bellii bellii'' Ruthven, 1924 * ''Chrysemys picta bellii'' Bishop & Schmidt, 1931 * ''Chrysemys picta belli'' Mertens, Müller & Rust, 1934 * ''Chrysemys belli belli'' Pickwell, 1948 * ''Chrysemys nuttalli'' Schmidt, 1953 ''(ex errore)'' * ''Chrysemys picta bollii'' Kuhn, 1964 ''(ex errore)'' * ''Chrysemys trealeasei'' Ernst, 1971 ''(ex errore)'' * ''Chrysemys trealeasi'' Smith & Smith, 1980 ''(ex errore)'' ; Chrysemys picta dorsalis * ''Chrysemys dorsalis'' Agassiz, 1857 * ''Clemmys picta ''var''. dorsalis'' Strauch, 1862 * ''Chrysemys cinerea ''var''. dorsalis'' Boulenger, 1889 * ''Chrysemys marginata dorsalis'' Stejneger & Barbour, 1917 * ''Chrysemys bellii dorsalis'' Ruthven, 1924 * ''Chrysemys picta dorsalis'' Bishop & Schmidt, 1931 ; Chrysemys picta marginata * ''Chrysemys marginata'' Agassiz, 1857 * ''Clemmys marginata'' Strauch, 1862 * ''Chrysemys marginata marginata'' Stejneger & Barbour, 1917 * ''Chrysemys bellii marginata'' Ruthven, 1924 * ''Chrysemys picta marginata'' Bishop & Schmidt, 1931 | synonyms_ref= }} The painted turtle (''Chrysemys picta'') is the most widespread native turtle of North America. It lives in slow-moving fresh waters, from southern Canada to Louisiana and northern Mexico, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The turtle is the only species of the genus ''Chrysemys'', which is part of the pond turtle family Emydidae. Fossils show that the painted turtle existed 15 million years ago. Four regionally based subspecies (the eastern, midland, southern, and western) evolved during the last ice age. The adult painted turtle female is long; the male is smaller. The turtle's top shell is dark and smooth, without a ridge. Its skin is olive to black with red, orange, or yellow stripes on its extremities. The subspecies can be distinguished by their shells: the eastern has straight-aligned top shell segments; the midland has a large gray mark on the bottom shell; the southern has a red line on the top shell; the western has a red pattern on the bottom shell. The turtle eats aquatic vegetation, algae, and small water creatures including insects, crustaceans, and fish. Although they are frequently consumed as eggs or hatchlings by rodents, canines, and snakes, the adult turtles' hard shells protect them from most predators. Reliant on warmth from its surroundings, the painted turtle is active only during the day when it basks for hours on logs or rocks. During winter, the turtle hibernates, usually in the mud at the bottom of water bodies. The turtles mate in spring and autumn. Females dig nests on land and lay eggs between late spring and mid-summer. Hatched turtles grow until sexual maturity: 2–9 years for males, 6–16 for females. In the traditional tales of Algonquian tribes, the colorful turtle played the part of a trickster. In modern times, four U.S. states have named the painted turtle their official reptile. While habitat loss and road killings have reduced the turtle's population, its ability to live in human-disturbed settings has helped it remain the most abundant turtle in North America. Adults in the wild can live for more than 55 years. ==Description== The painted turtle's shell is long, oval, smooth with little grooves where the large scale like plates overlap, and flat-bottomed.〔〔All turtle lengths in this article refer to the top shell (carapace) length, not the extended head to tail length.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Painted turtle (''Chrysemys picta'') )〕 The color of the top shell (carapace) varies from olive to black. Darker specimens are more common where the bottom of the water body is darker. The bottom shell (plastron) is yellow, sometimes red, sometimes with dark markings in the center. Similar to the top shell, the turtle's skin is olive to black, but with red and yellow stripes on its neck, legs, and tail. As with other pond turtles, such as the bog turtle, the painted turtle's feet are webbed to aid swimming. The head of the turtle is distinctive. The face has only yellow stripes, with a large yellow spot and streak behind each eye, and on the chin two wide yellow stripes that meet at the tip of the jaw.〔 The turtle's upper jaw is shaped into an inverted "V" (philtrum), with a downward-facing, tooth-like projection on each side. The hatchling has a proportionally larger head, eyes, and tail, and a more circular shell than the adult. The adult female is generally longer than the male, versus . For a given length, the female has a higher (more rounded, less flat) top shell. The female weighs around on average, against the males' average adult weight of roughly .〔()〕 The female's greater body volume supports her egg-production. The male has longer foreclaws and a longer, thicker tail, with the anus (cloaca) located further out on the tail.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Painted turtle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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